It is the second largest city in California and the eighth largest in the United States. The larger metropolitan area is the 21st-largest in the Americas, with a population over 4.8 million. It lies just north of the Mexican border (shares border with Tijuana, Mexico), and is a home for United States Navy, United States Coast Guard and United States Marine Corps bases, many miles of beaches, and a mild Mediterranean climate. The average temperature is 72°F, with an average rainfall of 9 in (228.6 mm).
San Diego's economy centers on the military, tourism, trade, agriculture, ship-repair and construction, defense-related companies, biotechnology, computer science, electronics, real estate speculation. It is also home to some of the wealthiest enclaves in the country, including the suburbs of Cardiff by the Sea, Del Mar, Fairbanks Ranch, Rancho Santa Fe and Bonita.
Mountains rise to the east of the city, and beyond the mountains are desert areas. Cleveland National Forest is a half-hour drive from downtown San Diego. Numerous farms are found in the valleys northeast of the city. The city of San Diego itself has deep canyons separating its mesas, creating small pockets of natural parkland scattered throughout the city. San Diego County also has more endangered plant and animal species (as determined by US Environmental Protection Agency) than any other county in the United States.
Military bases in or near San Diego include U.S. Navy ports, Marine Corps bases, and Coast Guard stations. San Diego is the site of the largest naval fleet in the world, and with the reductions at the Norfolk, Virginia basing facilities and the retrenchment in the Russian naval base at Vladivostok, San Diego has the largest concentration of Naval facilities in the world. It has two of the US Navy's Nimitz class supercarriers, (the USS Nimitz and the USS Ronald Reagan), five amphibious assault ships, several Los Angeles-class "fast attack" submarines, carrier and submarine tenders.
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